Replaced R-11 in low pressure centrifugal chillers. New R-123 equipment has been engineered with the correct materials of construction and sized properly for the intended job. Retrofitting existing R-11 chillers to R-123 may require replacement of seals, gaskets, and other system components to obtain the correct operation conditions and prevent leaks. The ASHRAE safety rating for R-123 is B1, which indicates that lower levels for personal exposure are allowed in normal daily operation and service conditions. Extra precautions and machinery room requirements must be observed (specific requirements are spelled out in ASHRAE Standard 15, Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration).
Since the phaseout of R-12, R-134a has grown to become the standard refrigerant choice for household appliances, small self-contained refrigeration units, very large chillers, and automotive air conditioning. It is also a component in many refrigerant blends on the market. R-134a is an HFC refrigerant, which requires polyolester (POE) lubricant to be used in the compressor.
R-22 has been the dominant refrigerant in residential and commercial air conditioning and some very large centrifugal chillers for air conditioning and industrial process cooling. It has also been used in refrigeration since the phase-out of CFCs, both as a pure refrigerant and in blends. R-22 is subject to reduced production and restriction in new equipment since 2010, and production ends in 2020. The use of R-22 in Malaysia is allowed until the R-22 supply has been depleted.
R32 is a synthetic HFC refrigerant designed for use in HVAC systems and as a replacement gas in some R410A applications. As a HFC, R32 has a zero ODP (ozone depleting potential) and low GWP providing a lower carbon footprint than most other HFCs. R32 is not suitable as a replacement for other refrigerants in existing systems and must only be used in systems specifically designed for R32. In general the lower the flammability of a refrigerant is, the larger its GWP. Due to its mildly flammability and higher operating pressures, equipment compatibility (eg. manifolds, gauges, recovery units) must be checked.
A blend of R-125, R-143a, and R-134a intended for low and medium temperature refrigeration applications where R-502 was previously used. Most new supermarket and refrigeration equipment has been built for an HFC such as R-404A, R-507, or R-407A. It is also possible to retrofit charge R-507 systems with R-404A. R-404A has slightly lower pressures than R-507 (from the small amount of R-134a added), and generally both blends have slightly higher pressures than R-502. R-404A requires polyolester (POE) lubricant, which is usually charged into new equipment. If retrofitting existing equipment, the original oil must be replaced with POE.
A blend of R-32, R-125, and R-134a that has very similar properties to R-22 in low and medium temperature refrigeration applications. R-407A has the closest property match to R-22 in a low temperature retrofit project compared to other blends on the market; however, there is a 10°F temperature glide. Most new supermarket and refrigeration equipment has been built for an HFC such as R-404A, R-507, or R-407A. New systems built with R-407A must have POE lubricants, and retrofitted R-22 systems would need the residual oil changed to POE.
A blend of R-32, R-125, and R-134a that has very similar properties to R-22 in air conditioning equipment. R-407C has the closest property match to R-22 in an air conditioning retrofit project compared to other blends on the market. It can also be used in medium temp R-22 refrigeration systems. R-407C has a 10°F temperature glide. New systems built with R-407C must have POE lubricants, and retrofitted R-22 systems would need the residual oil flushed with POE.
An environmentally friendly HFC blend engineered as a direct substitute for R22, offering robust cooling performance alongside a markedly lower global warming potential (GWP). Composed of a precise blend of R32, R125, and R134a, R407F is optimized for efficiency and compatibility with a wide range of commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Its versatility extends to retrofit applications, where it can seamlessly replace R22 without extensive system modifications, thus minimizing conversion costs and downtime. R407F adheres to international environmental standards, ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks while delivering dependable performance for various cooling needs.
A blend of R-32 and R-125 that nearly forms an azeotrope, which means it has extremely low temperature glide and almost no fractionation potential. This blend has about 60% higher pressure than R-22 in air conditioning applications, and therefore should be used only in new equipment specifically designed to handle the pressure. Systems designed for R-410A will have smaller components (heat exchangers, compressor, etc.) to perform the same cooling job compared to R-22. R-410A will require POE lubricants. Retrofitting R-22 equipment is not recommended under any circumstances.
R417A Refrigerant is a non-ozone depleting hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) blend designed as a retrofit replacement for R22 in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. It consists of three components: R125, R134a, and R600a, carefully blended to mimic the performance of R22 while offering a lower global warming potential (GWP). R417A is known for its efficiency and compatibility with existing equipment, making it an ideal choice for upgrading older systems without the need for extensive modifications. It is widely used in commercial and residential applications where environmental sustainability and regulatory compliance are essential considerations.
R427A, also known as Forane® 427A, is an HFC blend developed by Arkema as a simplified retrofit solution for R22 installations in a large range of applications with lower discharge temperatures. It can be used to retrofit low, medium and high temperature refrigeration equipment as well as air-conditioning installations. No TXV replacement is required. R427A has the lowest GWP of R22 retrofit replacement refrigerants.
An azeotropic blend of R-125 and R-143a intended for low and medium temperature refrigeration systems. Similar to R-404A in operation, most new equipment has been rated to use either blend. There will be slightly higher pressures and capacity with R-507 compared to R-404A. R-507 requires polyolester (POE) lubricant, which is usually charged into new equipment. If retrofitting existing equipment, the original oil must be replaced with POE.
A blend of R-23 and R-116 intended for very-low-temperature refrigeration systems, typically the low stage of a multi-stage system. R-508B has properties similar to R-503 and can be used to replace either R-13 or R-503 in an existing system. The discharge temperature does not increase significantly compared to R-13, in contrast to the increase seen with R-23. POE lubricants should be used and it may still be necessary to charge hydrocarbon oil additives to ensure proper oil return. Check with OEM for specific oil and charging recommendations.
R1233zd, is a low-global warming potential (GWP) hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant primarily used in centrifugal chillers, industrial refrigeration, and other specialized cooling applications. It is non-flammable and characterized by its excellent thermodynamic properties, including high energy efficiency and heat transfer capabilities. R1233zd has a GWP of less than 1, significantly reducing its environmental impact compared to traditional refrigerants. It is designed to meet stringent environmental regulations and sustainability goals by minimizing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining reliable performance in demanding cooling systems. R1233zd represents a sustainable choice for industries seeking to enhance energy efficiency and reduce their carbon footprint.
R1234yf is a cutting-edge refrigerant developed as a replacement for R134a in automotive air conditioning systems. Classified as a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO), R1234yf boasts a remarkably low global warming potential (GWP), significantly reducing its environmental impact compared to its predecessor. Widely adopted in new vehicle models to meet stringent environmental regulations, particularly in regions like Europe and North America, R1234yf delivers comparable cooling performance while promoting sustainability. It has undergone rigorous safety testing to ensure compatibility and reliability within automotive systems, marking a pivotal shift towards eco-friendly refrigerants in the automotive industry.
Also known as propane, is a natural hydrocarbon refrigerant that is gaining popularity due to its excellent thermodynamic properties and environmental benefits. As a hydrocarbon, R290 has zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and a very low global warming potential (GWP), making it one of the most environmentally friendly refrigerants available. It is highly efficient in both commercial and residential refrigeration and air conditioning systems, offering performance comparable to synthetic refrigerants. R290 is also energy efficient and cost-effective, making it a preferred choice for applications where sustainability and regulatory compliance are priorities.
R449A is a non-ozone depleting hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant blend designed as a replacement for R404A and R22 in various refrigeration and air conditioning applications. Composed of R32, R125, and R134a, R449A offers a lower global warming potential (GWP) and improved energy efficiency compared to traditional refrigerants. It is widely used in supermarket refrigeration, cold storage, and industrial cooling systems where regulatory compliance and environmental sustainability are priorities. R449A provides similar performance to R404A with minimal system modifications required, making it a popular choice for retrofitting existing equipment. Its adoption helps businesses reduce their carbon footprint and align with global environmental regulations.
R452A, also known as Opteon XP44, is a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant blend developed as a low-global warming potential (GWP) alternative to traditional HFC refrigerants like R404A and R22. Composed of R32, R125, and R1234yf, R452A offers excellent energy efficiency and environmental benefits, with a GWP significantly lower than R404A. It is commonly used in supermarket refrigeration, commercial air conditioning, and industrial cooling applications where sustainability and regulatory compliance are critical considerations. R452A is designed to be a drop-in replacement for R404A, often requiring minimal modifications to existing systems, making it a practical solution for businesses looking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy efficiency. Its adoption supports efforts to mitigate climate change impacts while maintaining reliable cooling performance.
R454B, also known as Opteon XL41, is a low-global warming potential (GWP) hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant blend designed as a replacement for R410A in air conditioning and heat pump systems. Composed of R32, R1234yf, and R1234ze(E), R454B offers improved energy efficiency and environmental benefits compared to R410A, with a GWP that is significantly lower. It is formulated to provide similar performance to R410A while reducing direct emissions of greenhouse gases. R454B is designed for use in new equipment and can often be retrofitted into existing R410A systems with minimal modifications, making it a practical choice for transitioning to more sustainable refrigerant solutions. Its adoption supports efforts to mitigate climate change impacts by reducing high-GWP refrigerant emissions in the HVAC industry.
R513A, also known as Opteon XP10, is a non-ozone depleting hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant blend developed as a replacement for R134a in medium and high-temperature refrigeration applications. Composed of R134a and R1234yf, R513A offers a significantly lower global warming potential (GWP) compared to R134a, making it an environmentally preferable alternative. It is designed to provide similar performance to R134a with minimal changes required to existing equipment, making it a convenient retrofit option for systems needing to meet modern environmental standards. R513A is used in various commercial and industrial refrigeration applications where energy efficiency and sustainability are prioritized, helping businesses reduce their carbon footprint while ensuring reliable cooling performance.
R600, also known as isobutane, is a natural refrigerant belonging to the group of hydrocarbons. It is primarily used as a refrigerant in domestic refrigerators, freezers, and small air conditioning systems. R600 is known for its low environmental impact, with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and a very low global warming potential (GWP). It is highly energy efficient and cost-effective, making it a preferred choice for applications where sustainability and efficiency are priorities. Due to its flammability, safety precautions and proper handling procedures are necessary during installation and maintenance. R600 is part of the group of hydrocarbon refrigerants that are gaining popularity due to their eco-friendly properties and effective performance in refrigeration and cooling systems.
Commonly known as carbon dioxide (CO2), is a natural refrigerant that has gained attention due to its low environmental impact and excellent thermodynamic properties. It is increasingly used in commercial refrigeration and heat pump applications where sustainability is a priority. R744 has a very low global warming potential (GWP) of 1, making it one of the most environmentally friendly refrigerants available. Its critical temperature is 31.1°C (87.98°F), and its critical pressure is 7.38 MPa (1,071 psi), allowing it to operate effectively in a wide range of temperatures. R744 systems require specialized equipment and are often used in supermarkets, industrial refrigeration, and heat pump applications where high efficiency and environmental responsibility are essential.
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